The Palace of the Grand Masters in Rhodes is a major symbol of the island’s history. Built in the 14th century by the Knights of St. John, it played a crucial strategic role during the Crusades. This imposing monument has passed through many eras, marked by the domination of the knights and the successive transformations of its architecture. Today, it bears witness to Rhodes’ medieval heritage and attracts visitors thanks to its historical and cultural role.
The Palace of the Grand Masters was built in the 14th century by the Knights of St. John, who took control of Rhodes after their victory over the Saracens. The palace served not only as a residence for the Grand Masters of the Order, but also as a fortress, administrative headquarters and military command center.
Construction of the palace began in 1309, after the Knights of St. John acquired the island of Rhodes. The project was both defensive and symbolic: to create a strong residence that would reflect the power of the Order while protecting the island’s strategic interests. Rhodes, located at the crossroads between East and West, was an ideal strategic position for the Knights.
The palace was designed to withstand attack and to serve as a logistical base in the event of siege. As such, it was built with massive surrounding walls, towers and defensive ditches. The Knights used local materials, notably the island’s limestone, to build this imposing monument.
The Knights of St. John, originally from Jerusalem and the Mediterranean islands, played a key role in the palace’s design. They called on Italian architects and local craftsmen to create a structure blending medieval architecture with Gothic and Romanesque elements. This mix gave the palace a utilitarian yet majestic appearance, with solid foundations to withstand attack while providing sumptuous living spaces for the grand masters.
Since its construction, the palace has played an essential role for the Order of the Knights of St. John. It was an administrative, military and religious center. The Knights held strategic meetings, religious ceremonies and diplomatic events here. The palace was also a symbol of Christian power in the eastern Mediterranean.
Over the years, the palace has been enlarged and embellished to meet the Knights’ growing needs, but its origins as a defensive fortress remain central to its identity.
Over the centuries, the Palace of the Grand Masters has undergone several extensions and modifications, reflecting the changing needs of its occupants and the evolving historical context of the island of Rhodes.
After the fall of the Knights of St. John and the capture of Rhodes by the Ottoman Empire in 1522, the palace underwent several transformations. The Ottomans first used it as an imperial residence. Many elements of Christian architecture have been modified to incorporate Ottoman influences. For example, some annex buildings were added to meet the Empire’s administrative needs, and structures such as minarets were installed within the palace grounds.
Ottoman modifications also added new decorations, in particular mosaics and architectural elements specific to the Empire, while preserving the palace’s medieval framework. These adaptations enabled the palace to maintain its role as a center of power, while reflecting the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the region.
In the early 20th century, after the Ottomans withdrew and Rhodes became part of Greece, efforts were made to restore the Palace of the Grand Masters. The Greek authorities, with the help of European experts, have undertaken extensive restoration work to preserve the integrity of the building while restoring it to its former glory.
In 1912, after the Italian occupation of Rhodes, Italy launched a restoration program to restore the palace to its original appearance, making it a symbol of Mediterranean history. Medieval architecture and Ottoman additions have been carefully restored to maintain historical coherence.
After restoration in the 1920s and 1930s, the palace was transformed into a museum, a function it continues to fulfill today. This transformation into a museum has enabled the island’s cultural and historical heritage to be preserved and made available to the public. The museum houses a rich collection of artifacts from the time of the Knights of St. John, as well as objects from Greek, Roman and Byzantine antiquity. These extensions have helped to make the Palais des Grands Maîtres not only a symbol of the past, but also a living place of historical memory.
The Palace of the Grand Masters, now a museum, plays a key role in preserving the history of Rhodes. This section explores its transformation into a museum, its collections and its current cultural impact.
The Palace houses an exceptional collection, including objects from the Knights of St. John, Greco-Roman antiquity and other periods. Major pieces include antique sculptures, mosaics and ceramics. These artifacts show the evolution of Rhodes, from the ancient Greeks to the Ottomans, via the Roman Empire and medieval times. Each piece reveals a unique aspect of the island’s history.
The museum plays an important role in preserving our historical heritage. It protects rare manuscripts, ancient documents and other fragile objects. These archives retrace the history of Rhodes and the cultural exchanges that have marked the island over the centuries. In this way, the museum ensures not only the preservation of objects, but also the transmission of knowledge to future generations.
The Palais des Grands Maîtres also organizes temporary exhibitions and cultural events, enriching the visitor experience. Concerts, lectures and educational activities are regularly scheduled, offering an immersion in local culture. These events allow visitors to discover new aspects of the island’s history and heritage.
The museum attracts thousands of visitors every year, contributing to the local economy. The Palace of the Grand Masters is a major tourist attraction in Rhodes. It showcases the island’s cultural heritage and raises public awareness of its history. The museum also supports local initiatives and fosters cultural development on an international scale.
The architecture of the Palais des Grands Maîtres is distinguished by its blend of medieval and Byzantine styles. This masterpiece offers a unique fusion of defensive features and decorative elements, providing an in-depth understanding of the period.
The palace has the typical features of a medieval fortress. Its thick walls and solid towers recall its defensive role during the Crusades. The fortress was designed to resist attack while serving as a residence. The imposing, military aspect is underlined by the height of the towers, offering strategic views over the island.
Byzantine architecture strongly influences the design of the Palace. The use of mosaics and frescoes in the interiors reflects this inspiration. The vaults and arches are typical elements of the Byzantine style. Both the exterior and interior are decorated with religious motifs, symbolizing the prosperity of the Byzantine Empire at the time.
The materials used to build the Palace come mainly from the surrounding islands, such as marble and local stone. Marble is omnipresent in the structure, and advanced construction techniques of the time were employed. The craftsmen designed solid, decorative walls that combine aesthetics and durability. These techniques have enabled the building to survive several centuries of history.
The Palais des Grands Maîtres shares many similarities with other medieval palaces in Europe. Like the Palais des Papes in Avignon or the Château de Vincennes in Paris, it combines defensive and residential elements. However, the integration of Byzantine influences in the Palace of Rhodes makes it particularly unique compared to other European medieval buildings. The layout of the towers and gardens is also reminiscent of other medieval palaces, but with its own distinctive features.
The Palace of the Grand Masters is packed with artistic treasures, from ancient sculptures to Byzantine mosaics. These works illustrate not only the cultural richness of the period, but also the historical influence of the Knights of St. John.
Byzantine mosaics adorn several rooms in the Palace. They depict religious scenes and geometric motifs, typical of Byzantine art. These mosaics use brilliant materials such as colored stones and gold, creating vibrant images that captivate the eye. Ancient sculptures are also present, including busts of historical figures and statues representing Greek gods. These pieces bear witness to the grandeur of the Roman Empire and the influence of Antiquity on medieval culture.
The Hall of the Nine Muses, located in the heart of the Palace of the Grand Masters, is one of the most impressive. The salon features colorful mosaics representing the nine muses, the Greek goddesses who inspired the arts and sciences. Each muse is associated with a particular field:
The scenes depicted in this room reflect the Knights of St. John’s admiration for ancient Greek culture and mythology. The finesse of the details, particularly in the mosaics adorning the floors and walls, highlights the importance of art to these knights, both as holders of power and protectors of classical culture.
The mosaics in the Salle des Neuf Muses are made from precious materials such as gold tesserae and semi-precious stones, creating an atmosphere of elegance and splendor. These works illustrate the ideal of beauty and knowledge of ancient civilizations, which the Knights sought to preserve and celebrate in their palaces.
The Palace of the Grand Masters is home to a number of fascinating mosaics telling stories of wildlife and mythology. These works testify to the cultural exchanges between Rhodes and other ancient civilizations, such as Egypt and the Orient, and illustrate the Knights of St. John’s admiration for ancient cultures and traditions.
This mosaic, located in the peristyle of the Palace, depicts emblematic Nile animals such as crocodiles, hippos and exotic birds. It reflects the commercial and cultural links between Rhodes and ancient Egypt.
An intriguing mosaic depicting a winged child riding a wild beast, inspired by Dionysus’ mythological travels in India. It symbolizes the fusion of Greek and Oriental influences, highlighting the Palace’s rich cultural heritage.
This mosaic depicts a lion-hunting scene, symbolizing the bravery and skill of ancient hunters. It also highlights the importance of hunting in ancient Mediterranean culture, while underscoring the skill of the craftsmen of the time.
Some of the works in the Palais have fascinating histories. For example, the mosaics depicting scenes from Greek mythology refer to the ancient history of Rhodes and its inhabitants. A statue of Zeus, found in antiquity, is one of the most emblematic pieces. It reflects not only the grandeur of Greek civilization, but also the Knights of St. John’s admiration for ancient art. These sculptures and objects tell the story of the island through the ages.
The objects in the Palace tell the story of Rhodes and the Knights of St. John. For example, a number of weapons and suits of armor dating back to the Crusades are on display, illustrating the military challenges faced by the Knights. Decorative objects, such as furniture and tapestries, bear witness to the knights’ lifestyle of luxury and utility. In this way, every work and object in the Palace contributes to a better understanding of Rhodes’ role in this period, and of its strategic and religious importance.
The Palace of the Grand Masters offers a variety of impressive rooms and magnificent gardens. Each area invites you to explore the history of Rhodes and its rulers.
The Palais houses several remarkable rooms. The throne room, for example, is of majestic grandeur. It was used for important ceremonies and royal audiences. The Grands Maîtres rooms are equally impressive, decorated with antique furniture and works of art. Each room tells its own story, marked by the passage of the Knights of St. John and the richness of the medieval era.
Among the most fascinating rooms, the Laocoön Room stands out for its link with ancient art. It pays tribute to the Rhodian sculptors who created the famous statue of Laocoön, depicting the ancient hero battling snakes. This work symbolizes the heritage of classical Greek art, a major element in the knights’ culture. This room illustrates the Knights of St. John’s admiration for ancient Greek art, a tribute to their vision of beauty and the chivalric ideal.
The Knights’ Hall is a large historic room where knights used to gather for ceremonies, feasts and important gatherings. It is decorated with magnificent frescoes and tapestries depicting scenes from the life of the knights, including their military exploits. The ornate ceiling and large windows create an imposing atmosphere that testifies to the power and authority of the Knights of St. John.
The Salle de l’Armement is dedicated to the display of armor and weapons used by knights. Here you’ll discover swords, shields, axes and armour dating back to medieval times and the Crusades. The layout of the room shows how knights prepared for battle. Sculptures and replicas of armor add to the authenticity of the site, offering visitors a detailed view of the equipment used by the defenders of Rhodes.
The Map Room is another fascinating room where visitors can discover historical maps showing the evolution of Rhodes and the Mediterranean over the centuries. The site offers an insight into the maritime explorations and military strategies that have shaped the island’s history. These antique maps are accompanied by explanations of Rhodes’ strategic role and importance during the Crusades.
The Palace gardens are just as fascinating. Their layout, combining green spaces and fountains, reflects the influence of Byzantine and medieval architecture. The interior gardens are perfect for a quiet stroll, offering soothing views of the sea and the city. The exterior architecture features fortified elements, with large towers and imposing walls that recall the palace’s defensive function.
Open daily from 8 am to 8 pm from April 1 to October 31.
Last admission at 7:30 pm.
Open daily from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. from November 1 to March 31 (closed Tuesdays).
Last admission at 3:00 p.m.
10 (includes the Archaeological Museum, the Panagia tou Kastrou church and the Decorative Arts Collection).
Between 90 minutes and 2 hours to explore the Palace of the Grand Masters of the Knights of Rhodes.
Courtyard and exhibition accessible to the disabled, as well as the “Rhodes, 2,400 years” exhibition.
Accessible to people with reduced mobility by elevator.
Accessible for the disabled.
For a quieter experience, opt for an early-morning or late-afternoon visit, when there are fewer crowds. Try to plan your visit during the week too. If you choose a guided tour, you’ll be able to explore with greater peace of mind, as the guides can take you to the less frequented areas of the palace.
A guided tour provides a better understanding of the history and architecture of the Palais des Grands Maîtres. Local guides share interesting anecdotes and details about different parts of the building, including sculptures, frescoes and knight stories. Book in advance to enjoy an in-depth experience without waiting too long.
Take your time to explore each room of the palace. The throne room, knights’ chambers and gardens are particularly impressive. Visit in the morning to avoid the crowds and enjoy a more serene atmosphere. Bring water, especially in summer, as the tour can last several hours. Don’t forget to use an app or guide to enrich your understanding of the history and architecture.
Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) are the best times to visit the palace. You’ll find pleasant temperatures and fewer tourists. If you’re visiting in summer, opt for quieter times, early in the morning or late in the day.
The Palace of the Grand Masters is a place rich in history and mystery. From its medieval roots to its role during the Turkish occupation, every corner of this monument reveals a part of Rhodes’ history. Here are a few fascinating anecdotes that contribute to the palace’s legendary aura:
During the Ottoman occupation after 1522, the Palace of the Grand Masters was used as a prison. After the fall of the Knights of St. John, the Turkish authorities transformed the palace into a detention center. This military role marked the palace’s history before it became a royal residence in the 20th century.
A devastating earthquake in 1856 damaged the Palace of the Grand Masters. This disaster caused extensive damage to the structure, and led to restoration work. The building still retains traces of this earthquake, adding to its historic character.
The Palace of the Grand Masters rests on a Byzantine foundation, bearing witness to Rhodes’ ancient history long before the arrival of the Knights of St. John. During archaeological excavations linked to restoration work, a Byzantine church was discovered beneath the Palace. The find brought to light architectural and cultural remains dating back to the Byzantine era, even before the construction of the medieval palace.
These ancient elements are still visible today, blending harmoniously with the Palace’s Gothic and medieval architecture to create a veritable architectural palimpsest. The discovery of the Byzantine church and other structures testifies to the island’s historical importance, adding a fascinating dimension to the story of the Palace of the Grand Masters.
During the Italian occupation of Rhodes (1912-1948), Italy undertook restoration work to transform the Palace into a museum. The Fascist authorities used specific construction techniques and integrated elements of Italian architecture while preserving certain medieval aspects. This period profoundly altered the Palace and its appearance.
The Palais des Grands Maîtres has hosted several international exhibitions, including the one in 1934. The exhibition marked the completion of the restoration work undertaken by the Italian authorities, drawing the attention of visitors from all over the world to this majestic monument.
Beneath the grandeur of the Palace lies a complex network of secret passages and underground tunnels. These routes were designed to allow the Grand Master and knights to escape silently during sieges, or to move troops discreetly. These passages add a mysterious dimension to the Palais, recalling the military tactics of the time.
Ghost stories haunt the corridors of the Palace. Visitors often speak of strange noises and ghostly figures. These stories are often linked to the tragic siege of 1522, when thousands of lives were lost defending Rhodes. Could the spirits of fallen knights still be present in this historic site?
The Palace is home to unique themed rooms, such as the Salle de la Méduse and the Salle du Tigre. These spaces reflect the creativity of the designers, blending medieval and classical influences. Each room evokes ancient myths or tales of knights, creating a special atmosphere.
The Palace of the Grand Masters has long been associated with the magic and secret rituals of the Knights of St. John. These knights were renowned for their mystical practices, and the palace, with its many nooks and crannies, is at the heart of several legends. Decorative elements were often chosen for their esoteric significance, adding a veil of mystery to this iconic building.
Some believe that St. Catherine’s Chapel, hidden within the Palace, is home to sacred relics or ancient treasures. Although its true use remains unclear, it is possible that it served as a private place of worship or secret room for esoteric rituals conducted by knights.
During the Italian occupation, the Palace of the Grand Masters was transformed into the lavish office of Cesare Maria De Vecchi, the local Fascist governor. Today, visitors can discover this page of history with period furniture, a strange fusion of medieval times and modern politics.
The walls of the Palais are decorated with coats of arms representing the Grand Masters and Languages of the Order. A closer look reveals symbols and messages hidden within the sculptures, telling unique stories etched in stone.
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